100 Assays of each per kit
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Content: | 100 assays of each per kit |
Shipping Temperature: | Ambient |
Storage Temperature: | Short term stability: 2-8oC, Long term stability: See individual component labels |
Stability: | > 2 years under recommended storage conditions |
Analyte: | Available Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber |
Assay Format: | Spectrophotometer |
Detection Method: | Absorbance |
Wavelength (nm): | 340 |
Signal Response: | Increase |
Linear Range: | 4 to 80 μg of D-glucose, D-fructose or D-galactose per assay |
Limit of Detection: | 1.475 g/100 g |
Reaction Time (min): | ~ 5 h |
Application examples: | Food ingredients, food products and other materials. |
Method recognition: | AOAC Method 2020.07 |
The Available Carbohydrates Assay Kit method is suitable for the determination of available carbohydrates (AVCHO) comprising *total digestible starch (TDS) plus maltodextrins, sucrose, D-glucose, D-fructose and lactose. New Improved method receiving 'First Action' status: AOAC 2020.07. This method is designed to simulate in vivo conditions in the human small intestine (i.e. a 4 h incubation time with PAA + AMG) in parallel with recent advances in Dietary Fiber (DF) methodology (K-RINTDF: AOAC Method 2017.16) and in accordance with the new (physiological based) definition of DF announced by Codex Alimentarius in 2009. Also, sucrose is hydrolysed with a specific “sucrase” enzyme which (unlike invertase which has been used traditionally for this reaction) has no action on fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS).
* Total digestible starch (TDS) is defined as starch that is digested in a 4 h period and is part of the carbohydrate that is available for digestion and absorption in the human small intestine.
See our full range of dietary fiber assay kits.
Measurement of available carbohydrates in cereal and cereal products, dairy products, vegetables, fruit and related food products and animal feeds: First Action 2020.07.
McCleary, B. V. & McLoughlin, C. (2021). Journal of AOAC International, qsab019.
Background: The level of available carbohydrates in our diet is directly linked to two major diseases; obesity and Type II diabetes. Despite this, to date there is no method available to allow direct and accurate measurement of available carbohydrates in human and animal foods. Objective: The aim of this research was to develop a method that would allow simple and accurate measurement of available carbohydrates, defined as non-resistant starch, maltodextrins, maltose, isomaltose, sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose and galactose. Method: Non-resistant (digestible) starch is hydrolysed to glucose and maltose by pancreatic α-amylase and amyloglucosidase at pH 6.0 with shaking or stirring at 37°C for 4 h. Sucrose, lactose, maltose and isomaltose are completely hydrolyzed by specific enzymes to their constituent monosaccharides, which are then measured using pure enzymes in a single reaction cuvette. Results: A method has been developed that allows the accurate measurement of available carbohydrates in all cereal, vegetable, fruit, food, and feed products, including dairy products. Conclusions: A single-laboratory validation was performed on a wide range of food and feed products. The inter-day repeatability (%RSDr) was <3.58% (w/w) across a range of samples containing 44.1 to 88.9% available carbohydrates. The LOD and LOQ obtained were 0.054% (w/w) and 0.179% (w/w), respectively. The method is all inclusive, specific, robust and simple to use. Highlights: A unique method has been developed for the direct measurement of available carbohydrates, entailing separate measurement of glucose, fructose and galactose; information of value in determining the glycemic index of foods.
Hide AbstractMeasurement of available carbohydrates, digestible, and resistant starch in food ingredients and products.
McCleary, B. V., McLoughlin, C., Charmier, L. M. J. & McGeough, P. (2019). Cereal Chemistry, 97(1), 114-137.
Background and objectives: The importance of selectively measuring available and unavailable carbohydrates in the human diet has been recognized for over 100 years. The levels of available carbohydrates in diets can be directly linked to major diseases of the Western world, namely Type II diabetes and obesity. Methodology for measurement of total carbohydrates by difference was introduced in the 1880s, and this forms the basis of carbohydrate determination in the United States. In the United Kingdom, a method to directly measure available carbohydrates was introduced in the 1920s to assist diabetic patients with food selection. The aim of the current work was to develop simple, specific, and reliable methods for available carbohydrates and digestible starch (and resistant starch). The major component of available carbohydrates in most foods is digestible starch. Findings: Simple methods for the measurement of rapidly digested starch, slowly digested starch, total digestible starch, resistant starch, and available carbohydrates have been developed, and the digestibility of phosphate cross‐linked starch has been studied in detail. The resistant starch procedure developed is an update of current procedures and incorporates incubation conditions with pancreatic α‐amylase (PAA) and amyloglucosidase (AMG) that parallel those used AOAC Method 2017.16 for total dietary fiber. Available carbohydrates are measured as glucose, fructose, and galactose, following complete and selective hydrolysis of digestible starch, maltodextrins, maltose, sucrose, and lactose to glucose, fructose, and galactose. Sucrose is hydrolyzed with a specific sucrase enzyme that has no action on fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS). Conclusions: The currently described “available carbohydrates” method together with the total dietary fiber method (AOAC Method 2017.16) allows the measurement of all carbohydrates in food products, including digestible starch. Significance and novelty: This paper describes a simple and specific method for measurement of available carbohydrates in cereal, food, and feed products. This is the first method that provides the correct measurement of digestible starch and sucrose in the presence of FOS. Such methodology is essential for accurate labeling of food products, allowing consumers to make informed decisions in food selection.
Hide AbstractExploring the nutritional potential, anti-nutritional components and carbohydrate fractions of Indian pigmented maize.
Gogoi, P., Sharma, P., Mahajan, A., Goudar, G., Kumar, A., Sreedhar, M., Singh, M. & Longvah, T. (2022). Food Chemistry Advances, 100176.
Seventeen pigmented maize cultivated in different locations of India were collected and evaluated for their nutritional, anti-nutritional and starch profile. A wide variation was observed in all the parameters evaluated. Protein and total dietary fiber content varied between 7.18 to 10.85 g/100g and 8.76 to 14.04 g/100g, respectively. Among the water-soluble vitamins, B2 varied from 0.071 to 0.134; B3, 1.50 to 2.79; B5, 0.17 to 0.70 and B6, 0.141 to 0.245 mg/100g; while total tocopherol and tocotrienol varied 1417 to 2246 µg/100g and 18.57 to 30.01 µg/100g, respectively. The resistant starch, total starch and amylose varied significantly and observed between 0.49 to 4.78 %, 61.33 to 69.65 % and 10.91 to 32.01 %, respectively. Among the minerals, Fe and Zn were observed between 1.51 to 5.01 and 2.25 to 5.51 mg/100g, respectively. Total polyunsaturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids were observed up to 45.72 and 55.54 %, respectively. Amongst the anti-nutrients, phytate was detected the lowest in Laal makki, whereas total and soluble oxalates were the lowest in Kashmiri red maize.
Hide AbstractEffect of cooking methods on glycemic index and in vitro bioaccessibility of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) carbohydrates.
Singh, A., Raigond, P., Lal, M. K., Singh, B., Thakur, N., Changan, S. S., Kumar, D. & Dutt, S. (2020). LWT, 109363.
Though potato is popular among masses as a carbohydrate rich source of energy, bioaccessibility studies of potato carbohydrates are never carried out. We investigated effect of cooking on glycemic index (GI) and in-vitro bioaccessibility in potato varieties Kufri Chipsona-3 and Lady Rosetta. Samples were analysed in raw, boiled, microwaved and fried form. On average, starch content significantly reduced by 40%, 64% and 2%; amylose by 14%, 17% and 34% after boiling, microwaving and frying, respectively. Total soluble sugars increased concomitantly by 9% and 25% in boiled and microwaved tubers and reduced by 10% in fried tubers. GI of boiled, microwaved and fried tubers of both the varieties was high i.e above 70. Starch content of both the varieties decreased during in-vitro digestion and was least in intestinal phase. Among the cooking methods, frying was better as reducing sugars remained low throughout oral, gastric and intestinal phases in both the varieties. Raw tubers of both varieties released maximum concentration of sugars during gastric phase. Whereas, boiled, microwaved and fried tubers of both the varieties released maximum concentration of sugars during intestinal phase. This study indicated that cooking method has significant effect on starch breakdown and release of sugars in the body.
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