β-Glucuronidase (Escherichia coli)
500,000 Units
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| Content: | 500,000 Units |
| Shipping Temperature: | Ambient |
| Storage Temperature: | 2-8oC |
| Formulation: | In solution (Tris.HCl/NaCl/EDTA) |
| Physical Form: | Solution |
| Stability: | > 1 year under recommended storage conditions |
| Enzyme Activity: | β-Glucuronidase |
| EC Number: | 3.2.1.31 |
| CAZy Family: | GH2 |
| CAS Number: | 9001-45-0 |
| Synonyms: | β-D-glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase; GUS |
| Source: | Escherichia coli |
| Molecular Weight: | 82,600 |
| Concentration: | Supplied at ~ 250 kU/mL |
| Expression: | Recombinant from Escherichia coli |
| Specificity: | Hydrolysis of non-reducing terminal β-D-glucuronic acid residues from glycoproteins and oligosaccharides of glycoconjugates. |
| Specific Activity: | ~ 15,000 U/mg (37oC, pH 6.8 on phenolphthalein-β-D-glucuronide); ~ 50 U/mg (37oC, pH 7.5 on pNP-β-D-glucuronide) |
| Unit Definition: | 30000 U/mg protein: One Unit of β-D-glucuronosidase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme required to release one µg of phenolphthalein per hour from phenolphthalein-β-D-glucuronide (0.5 mM) in sodium phosphate buffer (100 mM) at pH 6.8 and 37oC. 110 U/mg protein: One Unit of β-D-glucuronosidase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme required to release one µmole of p-nitrophenol per minute from pNP-β-D-glucuronide (1 mM) in Tris.HCl buffer (100 mM) pH 7.5 and 37oC., monitored at 410 nm. |
| Temperature Optima: | 37oC |
| pH Optima: | 6.8 |
High purity recombinant β-Glucuronidase (Escherichia coli) for use in research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis.
Do Not Freeze/Thaw.
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Dried urine spots as sampling technique for multi-mycotoxin analysis in human urine.
Schmidt, J., Lindemann, V., Olsen, M., Cramer, B. & Humpf, H. U. (2021). Mycotoxin Research, 37(2), 129-140.
A simple and effective approach for HPLC-MS/MS based multi-mycotoxin analysis in human urine samples was developed by application of dried urine spots (DUS) as alternative on-site sampling strategy. The newly developed method enables the detection and quantitation of 14 relevant mycotoxins and mycotoxin metabolites, including citrinin (CIT), dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), T-2 Toxin (T-2), HT-2 Toxin (HT-2), ochratoxin A (OTA), 2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA), ochratoxin α (OTα), tenuazonic acid and allo-tenuazonic acid (TeA + allo-TeA), zearalenone (ZEN), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL). Besides the spotting procedure, sample preparation includes enzymatic cleavage of glucuronic acid conjugates and stable isotope dilution analysis. Method validation revealed low limits of detection in the range of pg/mL urine and excellent apparent recovery rates for most analytes. Stability investigation of DUS displayed no or only slight decrease of the analyte concentration over a period of 28 days at room temperature. The new method was applied to the analysis of a set of urine samples (n = 91) from a Swedish cohort. The four analytes, DH-CIT, DON, OTA, and TeA + allo-TeA, could be detected and quantified in amounts ranging from 0.06 to 0.97 ng/mL, 3.03 to 136 ng/mL, 0.013 to 0.434 ng/mL and from 0.36 to 47 ng/mL in 38.5%, 70.3%, 68.1%, and 94.5% of the samples, respectively. Additional analysis of these urine samples with an established dilute and shoot (DaS) approach displayed a high consistency of the results obtained with both methods. However, due to higher sensitivity, a larger number of positive samples were observed using the DUS method consequently providing a suitable approach for human biomonitoring of mycotoxin exposure.
Hide Abstract Tan, X., Li, X., Chen, L., Xie, F., Li, L. & Huang, J. (2017). Carbohydrate Polymers, 161, 286-294.
Breadfruit starch was subjected to heat-moisture treatment (HMT) at different moisture content (MC). HMT did not apparently change the starch granule morphology but decreased the molecular weight and increased the amylose content. With increased MC, HMT transformed the crystalline structure (B → A + B → A) and decreased the relative crystallinity. With ≥25% MC, the scattering peak at ca. 0.6 nm−1 disappeared, suggesting the lamellar structure was damaged. Compared with native starch, HMT-modified samples showed greater thermostability. Increased MC contributed to a higher pasting temperature, lower viscosity, and no breakdown. The pasting temperature of native and HMT samples ranged from 68.8 to 86.2°C. HMT increased the slowly-digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) contents. The SDS content was 13.24% with 35% MC, which was 10.25% higher than that of native starch. The increased enzyme resistance could be ascribed to the rearrangement of molecular chains and more compact granule structure.
Hide Abstract| Symbol : | Not Applicable |
| Signal Word : | Not Applicable |
| Hazard Statements : | Not Applicable |
| Precautionary Statements : | Not Applicable |
